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| - | <h1 align="center">Biosensors</h1>
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| - | <p>A biosensor is an instrument for the measurement of biological or
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| - | chemical parameters. They usually combine biological and
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| - | physical-chemical components.</p>
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| - | <p><br>
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| - | Generally, they consist of three parts:</p>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li>The biological sensor: It may be a tissue, a culture of
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| - | microorganisms, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acid chains, etc.
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| - | The sensor can be taken from the wild or be a product of
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| - | synthetic biology.</li>
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| - | <li>The transducer: Its function is to bind the other two elements
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| - | and translate the signal emitted by the sensor.</li>
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| - | <li>The detector: It can be optical, piezoelectric, thermal,
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| - | magnetic, etc.</li>
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| - | </ul>
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| - | <p>The most common example is a biosensor that measures blood
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| - | glucose. It uses an enzyme that processes glucose molecules,
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| - | releasing an electron for each molecule. Said electron is
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| - | collected at one electrode and the electron flow is used as a
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| - | measure of the glucose concentration.</p>
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| - | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2014hs/8/81/Canary.jpg" alt="" height="382" width="500"><br>
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| - | The caged canaries used by miners to detect the presence of lethal
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| - | gases can be seen as an early example of biosensors (Wikipedia,
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| - | 2014)</p>
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| - | <p><br>
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| - | By using modified bacteria E. coli for this, we will try to find a
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| - | cheaper, easier, and faster way to detect the problem of anoxia
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| - | and heavy metals in some aquifers of Mexico City. We will have to
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| - | analyze samples of water at different depths to know where the
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| - | problem is worse and what probable native species could be more
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| - | affected.</p>
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| - | <p><br>
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| - | Some of the benefits of using biosensors instead of other sensing
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| - | methods, as observed by Ajit Sadana and AzoSensors, are: </p>
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| - | <ul>
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| - | <li>A fast response in time.</li>
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| - | <li>Fast and continuous measurement.</li>
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| - | <li>High specificity because of its shape-specific recognition.</li>
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| - | <li>Simplicity in its use.</li>
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| - | <li>Capability of measuring concentrations ranging from 10<sup>-18</sup>
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| - | to 10<sup>-19</sup> M, so we need low sample requirements.</li>
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| - | <li>Capability of real time measurements.</li>
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| - | </ul>
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| - | <p><br>
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| - | </p>
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| - | </section>
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| - | <section class="4u">
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| - | <div id="sidebar">
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| - | <section class="12u">
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| - | <h3>References</h3>
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| - | <p>Biosensor. (2014, June 18). <em>Wikipedia</em>. Retrieved
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| - | June 19, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor</p>
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| - | <p><br>
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| - | Biosensor Technology: Advantages and Applications. (n.d.). <em>Biosensor
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| - | Technology: Advantages and Applications</em>. Retrieved June
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| - | 19, 2014, from http://goo.gl/YRDNIZ</p>
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| - | <p><br>
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| - | Sadana, A. (2003). <em>Biosensors kinetics of binding and
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| - | dissociation using fractals</em>. Amsterdam: Elsevier.</p>
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| - | </section>
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| - | <section class="12u"> </section>
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